Geoffrey Chaucer s Influence On The 19th Century

Geoffrey Chaucer was one of the most acclaimed writers of the 14th century. It was not exactly certain when Geoffrey Chaucer was, born but it was known to be around 1340 to 1344. He was the son of John Chaucer and Agnes Copton. John Chaucer was a very successful London wine merchant, but soon died in 1366. His wife Agnes got remarried to another Chaucer, said to be a cousin of her late husband John. â€Å"Just where the boy got his schooling is not known; he may have been at either Oxford or Cambridge, or neither.† (Kunitz Haycraft 98). Not much was known about his early life, but through his various pieces of work we can conclude that he was able fluently read French, Latin, and Italian. â€Å"Although there was proof that Chaucer could read and write before he went to school† (historylearningsite.co.uk). He was taught by one of his father s clerks who enlarged his income by teaching as one of his side jobs. His family home was known to be in the area of St. Martin, o n Thames Street. John Chaucer was raised up in a well-to-do family environment, the family not being too rich or too poor. Most of the work positions that John had were all made possible through the various connections his father had. Chaucer was taken prisoner in 1359 after joining the English army’s invasion of France which was all taken place during the Hundred Years War, his ransom was paid on the first day of March in 1360 by King Edward. â€Å"In 1366 many assumed that Chaucer was an administrator for PrinceShow MoreRelatedDiscuss with examples how the English Language has changed over time.2353 Words   |  10 Pageslearned English, introduced from the French, words pertaining to the government, the church, the army, and the manner of the court, in addition to others relating to the arts, scholarship, and medicine. The most famous example of Middle English is Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales. Unlike Old English, modern English-speaking people can read Middle Englis h, although with some amount of difficulty. A line from Canterbury Tales reads, And shortly, whan the sonne was to reste, so hadde I spoken withRead Moreâ€Å"the Spirit of Renaissance and Elizabethan Era†5448 Words   |  22 PagesThe English Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement in England dating from the early 16th century to the early 17th century. It is associated with the pan-European Renaissance that many cultural historians believe originated in Tuscany in the 14th century. This era in English cultural history is sometimes referred to as the age of Shakespeare or the Elizabethan era, the first period in English and British history to be named after a reigning monarch. Renaissance literally meansRead MoreEssay about Summary of History of Graphic Design by Meggs14945 Words   |  60 Pagesare logograms meaning that each character represents an entire word (like $ = dollar). - Paper, a Chinese invention, is attributed with the high government official Ts’ai Lun. - Ts’ai Lun’s method of making paper was unchanged until nineteenth century England. - After the invention of paper, the Chinese also began to use it for wrapping presents, wallpaper, napkins and toilet paper. - Printing was invented by the Chinese. - The first method of printing was block printing, using stamps. - RubbingsRead MorePre-Spanish Period8197 Words   |  33 Pagescompile these folk narratives by such collectors as Fr. Jose Ma. Pavon (Las antiguas leyendas de la isla de Negros) during the Spanish period Fay-Cooper Cole (Traditions of the Tinguian, 1915), Mable Cook Cole (Philippine Folk Tales, 1916), and Dean S. Fansler (Filipino Popular Tales, 1921) during the early part of the American regime, and some Filipino and American antropologists and folklorists in more recent times, many of the theme still remain in the memory of the folk, uncollected and unwrittenRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesmagic. The attribution to the Andalusian mathematician al-Majriti (or al-Madjriti) (d. ca. 1004-7) is considered pseudo-epigraphic. The Latin translation dates to 1256 and the court of Alphonso the Wise, king of Castille, and exerted a considerable influence on Western magic thereafter. It is said that much of Ficino’s astrological magic derives from the Pica trix (see I.P.Couliano, Eros and Magic in the Renaissance, University of Chicago Press, 1987, p. 118). The Picatrix is mentioned by Johannes Trithemius

Abstinence Only Sexual Education Vs. Inclusive Sex...

Abstinence-Only Sexual Education vs. Inclusive Sexual Education In 1981, the Adolescent Family Life Act (AFLA) was signed into law by President Reagan. Through the act, the federal government first invested in sexual education programs, all of which encouraged â€Å"chastity and self-discipline.† After this came the Title V abstinence-only-until-marriage program, which was created in 1996 as part of the welfare reform legislation. Finally, the Community-Based Abstinence Education (CBAE), was created in 2000. Now, for over three decades, people are still debating whether the original approach of teaching abstinence should be kept or if schools should go into further detail in teaching how to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases and infections from happening. I believe that all schools should teach an inclusive form of sexual education. I believe that teaching abstinence is not working in the slightest because the rate of teenagers who are sexually active is gradually increasing. Since teens are participating in sexual intercourse, we need to teach them how to have sex safely. Schools need to teach a form of sexual education that will fully cover how to prevent teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases and infections. The abstinence-only-until-marriage programs need to be replaced because they contain inaccuracies and flaws, the popular opinion of the American society differs from our state policies, and the government and taxpayer’s money could be betterShow MoreRelatedSex Education : Which Is Better? Essay1718 Words   |  7 Pages Abstinence or Comprehensive Sex Education: Which is better? Sex is in the air, everywhere. It is seen when the television is turned on in the morning, it is used to sell hamburgers and cereal, and is the cornerstone by which we gauge our success. Sex is everywhere and the youth of today need to be equipped to handle it safely. There are two primary paths that can be taken when referring to sexual education: Abstinence or a more comprehensive education. Abstinence educationRead MoreThe Effects Of Sexual Education On Public Schools1702 Words   |  7 PagesI. Abstract Sexual education being enforced in public schools is important and it should be taught in all schools. Young adults are learning that it is important to wait until marriage to have sex. Sexual education taught in public schools does raise a couple of eyebrows because some parents think that young adults should not learn about sex at their age. Sexual education is very important for young adults to either use abstinence or condoms. Sexual education in schools are the proper classes forRead MoreEssay on A Needed Lack of Ignorance1994 Words   |  8 PagesIn the Adolescent Sexual Health in Europe and the US by Advocates for Youth, Ammie Feijoo writes,â€Å"The United States’ teen pregnancy rate is almost three times that of Germany and France, and over four times that of the Netherlands.†(Feijoo) The United States would not have triple the teen pregnancy rate if it’s young people were educated about sex as properly as Europe’s young people. In addition, she writes on contraceptive use, she says that France’s, The Netherlands’ youth are more likely to beRead MoreSpirituality and Substance Abuse Recovery Essay2818 Words   |  12 Pagessubstance abuse and relapse. The third and final stage of recovery is known as late recovery, and involves a client finding growth and meaning in life. In this stage, relapse may be less frequent as a sense of purpose is found. As this stage is found only by enduring great challenges, a client may not be as tempted by relapse and the act of back tracking in their recovery may seem tiresome and unworthy of their time. However, though a deep awareness of the consequences of substance abuse is profoundRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesor by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—without the written permission of the publisher. Thomson Higher Education 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA For more information about our products, contact us at: Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center 1-800-423-0563 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at http://www

Forms Recruitment In A Public Organization â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Forms Recruitment In A Public Organization? Answer: Introducation The Human Resource departments most essential responsibility is the recruitment and selection process. According to Billsberry (2008), this department is tasked with the crucial role of placing the right applicants into their respective positions in the operations. Recruitment is basically the process through which an organization searches and pools candidates with the relevant experience, skills, and knowledge necessary to enable the organization to pick out only the best-qualified candidates who meet the description and work criteria of the vacant position (Dineed, 2011). The process aims to bring together the widest possible pool in order to improve the chances of selecting the best people for the roles. Hiring the most qualified applicants may prove to be a competitive advantage for Woolworths due to the increased productivity and organizational efficiency. Woolworths is an Australian supermarket chain with headquarters in Bella Vista, Australia. Being among the largest organizations in Australia, the supermarket employs a large number of people (Arli et al., 2013). Woolworths prides itself in adopting a recruitment process that is strictly reliant on the candidates professionalism, experience, and merit. Woolworths Human Resources department is obligated to follow the company's recruitment rules and regulations as well as the Australias Employment Opportunity Legislation, the Privacy Act, and Anti-Discrimination laws (Nutall, 2007). Problem Analysis Failure to select a competent candidate may result in unfavorable and adverse effects on the organization such as customer service complications, operational disruptions, interpersonal conflicts, and reduced productivity (Swider, Zimmerman and Barrick, 2015). Once the organization identifies the candidate pool, a selection process is used to pick the most qualified candidates. The selection process involves activities such as testing, reference checking, aptitude tests, and interviews.Thisensures the most appropriate candidates are selected using equitable, fair and effective activities. Project Proposal This recruitment plan aims to highlight the Human Resource management departments recruitment and selection strategies in Woolworths supermarket. The study analyzes the significance of the project, the risks involved, stakeholder analysis and strategies Woolworths HR team will enforce to implement the recruitment plan while attempting to help achieve the organizational goal in a cost-effective manner.The recruitment strategy will only be enforced within Australia as it focuses on employing a workforce to occupy roles in local supermarkets. The objectives of this recruitment and selection plan include: Increase the size of the applicants pool so as to improve the possibility of selecting high-quality candidates. Enforcing effective methods to analyze the abilities, experience, and professional skills of applicants. Select a qualified workforce able to help Woolworths achieve its organizational goaland improve efficiency. This recruitment plan enforced by Woolworths provides the organization with various benefits. A carefully implemented plan will benefit Woolworths and help the company achieve its general business goals and objectives. The recruitment project will help Woolworths ensure that they have the necessary attributes, knowledge, and relevant skills that the organization requires to achieve its long-term goals and current operational needs. The recruitment project which will be strict and keenly monitored will result in the recruitment of a highly effective workforce ready to positively impact the organization (Narchal, 2013). The selection criteria will be enforced by authorized HR personnel with strict instructions to abide by the set-out recruitment regulations. The applicants will further be exposed to various interview stages and thorough investigations into their previous jobs and ethicalinclinations. Competent candidates with the necessary skills and qualifications to help Woolworths a chieve their long-term goals and operational requirements will be selected. The project will further help Woolworths to meet its supply and demand requirements. A highly effective workforce selected as a result of the recruitment project will enable Woolworths to meet its customer service demandsin an efficient way. Woolworths serves a large base of customers spread in various regions and locations (Stevens, Plaut and Sanchez-Burks, 2008). The company, therefore, need to ensure they have a competent workforce to meet the customers demand and preferences. This recruitment project will help Woolworths achieve customer satisfaction. A carefully implemented strategy will increase the organizational efficiency of Woolworths. The company must enforce effective measures to ensure all operations and activities are operating in an optimal manner.Organizational efficiency ensures the relevant companies are successful in achieving their objectives. Any successful company is driven by a qualified workforce working as a team to achieve the organizational goals. This recruitment project will provide Woolworths with a team capable of working cohesively to facilitate organizational efficiency. Organizational Fit Analysis The recruitment must complement the organizational structure of Woolworths.The main aim of Woolworths recruitment and selection process is to facilitate the improvement of organizational efficiency and profitability. In relation to the recruitment plan, a stakeholder is any party interested in what the recruitment and selection process achieves (Breaugh, 2017). These parties might influenceWoolworths future, or they might be affected by the candidates chosen. Potential stakeholders in Woolworths recruitment and selection process include the owners of the supermarket chain, employees, the surrounding community, insurance companies, and customers. It is important for organizations to involve stakeholders in their recruitment plans in order to cultivate positive relationships with them, benefit from valuable information, reinforce their commitment to the organization, and facilitate a conducive business culture. The owners and shareholders of Woolworths being the main beneficiaries of an increase in profitability have a keen interest in the recruitment process adopted by the HR team. Likewise, if the process doesnt meet its objectives, its the same shareholders and owners who feel the greatest impact (Blundell, 2013). The HR team must, therefore, put the owners in mind when formulating and implementing a recruitment plan. Insurance companies are directly involved with the Woolworths employees health coverage and benefits. The companies will hence have an invested interest in the workforce structure of Woolworths. The insurance service providers need recruitment updates so as toprovide cover plans that specifically suit Woolworths. Most projects launched by the HR team aim to improve the level of skills in the workplace, enhance the workplace structure, and improve operational processes. Employees are the primary stakeholders in any organization. The recruitment and selection process will have a direct impact on their productivity, skills, earning capacity, and confidence. The recruitment process by Woolworths may provide existing employees with a competitive threat in terms of roles, responsibilities, and promotions. Ensuring cohesiveness and employee satisfaction is important so as to reinforce their commitment to Woolworths. In the supermarket and service industry in general, the mode of interaction with customers is crucial to an organizations success. Customers and clients are primary stakeholders who will be directly affected by a recruitment process. The HR team of Woolworths must, therefore, ensure the candidate who proceeds from the selection stage are competentand well-versed in professional and ethical consumer interaction. A successful recruitment process benefits the organization by increasing their service delivery and cultivation of a positive organizational structure. The recruitment process by Woolworths affects the surrounding community by providing employment opportunities (Griepentrog et al., 2012). In a community with high rates of unemployment, the non-discriminatory hiring opportunity providingan employment opportunitycultivates a positive relationship with the community. Financial Analysis Cost is one of the main factors that have a direct impact on the recruitment and selection process of an organization (Zhao and Liden, 2011). Before implementing the recruitment process, Woolworths must fully understand and put the expenses that the process will incur into consideration. The recruitment project must satisfy a cost-benefit analysis before the supermarket giant implements the plan. It is prudent for Woolworths to forecast the possible amounts of money these future employees from the selection process will cost the company in terms of benefits, allowances, and salaries.While planning the recruitment activities, teams from the HR and Finance department in Woolworths may be required to determine the recruiting yield ratio and the cost per hire (Jabbar, 2016). Woolworths must also budget for cost resulting from posting the job advertisements, agency costs, backgrounds check expenses, recruiter salaries, and referral program incentives. Despite the financial burden imposed by the recruitment strategy, Woolworths expects that the incorporation of a qualified workforce to fill the existing organizational gap will provide long term benefits to the company. Woolworths aims at employing 10 new employees. The following 5-year financial analysis of the company outlines the expected costs and benefits from the recruitment process. In order to develop and implement the recruitment it is important to analyze costss associated with the process. Costs are expected to be particularly high during the first year. Recruitment costs may be analysed on an internal and external costs. External costs Advertisement costs = $ 50 000 Consultation costs = $ 25 000 Internal costs Identification of gaps = $25 000 Interviewers training and renumeration costs = $65 000 Applicattion and screening = $39 000 New empoyees salary = $100 000 Total costs: Internal recruiting costs + external recruiting costs. = $304 000 Cost per hire (CPH): Total costs / Total number of hires = $30 400 Second to Fifth year After implementation of the recruitment plan, Woolworths expects an improvement in the organizational structure and efficiency including cost reduction and innovation. These expected returns should provide a postive cost-benefit result to Woolworths. Expected returns of the recruitment plan Return on Investment (ROI) is the percentage calculation of (Benefits-Costs)/costs.Based on figure 1 above, Woolworths expects a total program benefit of $400 000 and a total cost of $304 000. Therefore, the projects ROI is represented by: 100*($400 000 - $304 000)/$304 000 ROI = 31.58%. Risk Analysis An effectiverecruitment process ensures the organization has the required experience, skills, and knowledge to achieve its goals. There, however, exists risk associated with the recruitment process.Potential risksinclude the risk of selecting candidates who are incompetent or do not fit into Woolworths organizational culture.This may result in Woolworths failure to achieve its operational and strategic goal. The company can mitigate this risk by updating the recruitment policies and using effective assessment tools (Warhurst et al., 2009). Woolworths can alternately train the hiring personnel of efficient screening and assessment techniques before placing the candidates. A legislative risk exists due to the non-compliance possibility in Woolworths.This may be greatly damaging to the organization. The risk exposes Woolworths to fines and legal lawsuits. Training the workforce on the relevant legislative rules, hiring legal advisors, and updating the organization's internal policies such that they are legally compliant will mitigate the legislative risk. Applicants may gain employment in Woolworths as a result of deception during the recruitment process.This may encourage fraud, legal prosecution, and failure to meet the organizational goals. The hiring team should enforce strict screening and background checking procedures to alleviate this risk (Robson, 2011). Implementation Strategy It is of paramount importance for any organization to have an effective strategy to implement their recruitment plan. The selection or recruitment function must be enforced in a proactive mannerso as to avoid unnecessary costs due to a faulty process. Woolworths strategy to implement their recruitment plan is largely consistent with ensuring Woolworths has the necessary attributes, knowledge, and skills required to meet the organizations goal and operational requirements (Humburg and Van der Velden, 2015). The implementation strategy will also aim to ensure that only qualified and competent candidates are selected for recruitment into Woolworths. By formulating an implementation strategy, Woolworths can improve their chances of selecting a suitable candidate. The strategy will also increase the number of potential applicants from which the company can select qualified candidates. The first step in implementing a recruitment plan is to identify the existing skill gaps in the organization (Udechukwu and Manyak, 2009).This will help the HR department of Woolworths to analyze the current skill level and determine what type of skills the supermarket chain needs so as to achieve organizational efficiency. The analysis simply involves identifying the skills needed, determining the existing skills in Woolworths, and finally comparing the desired skills to the current skills. In order to fill the skill gaps identified, Woolworths is expected to launchrelevant advertisement strategies to reach as many potential applicants as possible. The vacancy advertisements should be non-discriminatory and target widespread (Downes, 2011). After sending out the job application invites, Woolworths HR team should formulate appropriate strategies to receive the responding applicants. The organization must select a hiring team to oversee the recruitment process and activities. It is important to train the interviewers and use processes that do not favor oroffer any form of bias.The next step of the implementation plan is to screen the applicants, expose them to employment tests, conduct face to face interviews, investigate the applicants background and finally select the successful candidates ready for placement into their respective roles in Woolworths. After implementing the recruitment process, it is important that an organization applies therelevant measure to evaluate the effectiveness of the recruitment plan. The outcome of the recruitment plan must be complementary to Woolworths organizationalgoals and objectives. Woolworths can utilize various performance to analyze the success of the recruitment and selection process. The company can analyze the average fill time. This is the time it takes them to fill a vacancy. Depending on the result of the applying this measure, Woolworths may consider enforcing strategies to shorten the fill time. Another measure is to determine the cost per hire. It would be wise for Woolworths to reduce any unnecessarycosts incurred during the selection process. Woolworths may also use the number of applicants who showed interest to measure the effectiveness of its recruitment methods (Parry and Tyson, 2008). After measuring the recruitment process and the activities, the next step is to suggest and e nforce appropriate control and improvement measures to make the process more efficient. Implementation strategy Recruitment Action Time Frame As from: Responsibility Estimated Cost Identification of human resource skill gaps in the organization. August 2017 Human Resource department. $25 000 Advertisement of employment opportunities. October 2017 Woolworths marketing department $50 000 Collection and sorting of applications from interested parties. November 2017 The human resource department $15 000 Select and train interviewers November 2017 The HR team $65 000 Screening of applicant using interviews and other employability tests. January 2018 Trained interviewers. $24 000 Selection and inductment of successful candidates into the organization. March 2018 The HR team and the Woolworths community. $100 000 Evaluation of the recruitment plans effectiveness. March 2018 Relevant consulting firm. $25 000 Total cost $304 000 In conclusion, the HR team of Woolworths is tasked with thecrucial responsibility of overseeing the successful implementation of the recruitment strategy.The process aims to bring together the widest possible pool in order to improve the chances of selecting the best people for the roles. The recruitment strategy will only be enforced within Australia as it focuses on employing a workforce to occupy roles in local supermarkets. The recruitment team must ensure they consider the various stakeholders as they enforce the various implementation activities.A carefully implemented plan will benefit Woolworths and help the company achieve its general business goals and objectives. It is, however, important to keep up with the various risks and financial implications of the process. References Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R. and Soldo, E., 2013. Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration.Journal of Economics, Business Accountancy Ventura,16(1). Billsberry, J., 2008.Experiencing recruitment and selection. John Wiley Sons. Blundell, L., 2013. Resurrection of a retail giant.Property Australia,27(9), p.22. Breaugh, J.A., 2017. to Recruitment.The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Recruitment, Selection and Employee Retention, p.12. Dineen, B.R. and Soltis, S.M., 2011. Recruitment: A review of research and emerging directions. Downes, B., 2011. Who's Coming to the Careers Fair. Griepentrog, B.K., Harold, C.M., Holtz, B.C., Klimoski, R.J. and Marsh, S.M., 2012. Integrating social identity and the theory of planned behavior: Predicting withdrawal from an organizational recruitment process.Personnel Psychology,65(4), pp.723-753. Humburg, M. and Van der Velden, R., 2015. Skills and the graduate recruitment process: Evidence from two discrete choice experiments.Economics of Education Review,49, pp.24-41. Hussain, Z., Wallace, J. and Cornelius, N.E., 2007. The use and impact of human resource information systems on human resource management professionals.information Management,44(1), pp.74-89. Jabbar, H., 2016. Selling schools: Marketing and recruitment strategies in New Orleans.Peabody Journal of Education,91(1), pp.4-23. MEMO, P., Jobs in the Australian App Economy. Narchal, R., 2013. Apply Apply Negative Reply: Understanding Job-Seeking Experiences of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Job-Seekers in Australia. Nutall, P., 2007. Research Note: The Impact of Good Faith Principles on Communication Issues in Collective Bargaining.New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations (Online),32(1), p.87. Parry, E. and Tyson, S., 2008. An analysis of the use and success of online recruitment methods in the UK.Human Resource Management Journal,18(3), pp.257-274. Robson, A., 2011. Skills shortage threatens food and water security.Agricultural Science,23(2), p.32. Stevens, F.G., Plaut, V.C. and Sanchez-Burks, J., 2008. Unlocking the benefits of diversity: All-inclusive multiculturalism and positive organizational change.The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science,44(1), pp.116-133. Swider, B.W., Zimmerman, R.D. and Barrick, M.R., 2015. Searching for the right fit: Development of applicant person-organization fit perceptions during the recruitment process.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(3). Udechukwu, I. and Manyak, T., 2009. Job applicants' perceptions of resumes versus employment application forms in the recruitment process in a public organization.Public personnel management,38(4), pp.79-96. Warhurst, C., Van den Broek, D., Hall, R. and Nickson, D., 2009. Lookism: The new frontier of employment discrimination?.Journal of Industrial Relations,51(1), pp.131-136. Zhao, H. and Liden, R.C., 2011. Internship: a recruitment and selection perspective.Journal of Applied Psychology,96(1), p.221.

Psychological profiling Essay Example

Psychological profiling Essay Psychological profiling has been described as an investigative technique meant to be used to aid in solving particularly unusual cases. It is essentially felt to be an art, rather than a scientific pursuit (McCann, 1992), used to draw psychological conclusions from the material evidence left behind at a crime scene. The guiding theoretical base behind this increasingly popular but controversial tool is largely from the psychological literature. Although its origins can be traced as far back as the Bible, the professional development of profiling is most likely to be attributed to the work of the Behavioural Sciences Unit (BSU) at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia. The work of Dr. Thomas Bond (1880s) following his autopsy on the last of Jack the Rippers victims, the psychological profile of Adolf Hitler by Walter Langer during World War II and James Brussels highly accurate sketch of the Mad Bomber of New York (and the Boston Strangler) are all well-known and highly successful examples of this technique. The profile is generated based upon what can be termed a psychological assessment of the crime scene (Ault Reese, 1980) and may include the following elements (Ault Reese, 1980): Perpetrators race, sex, age range, marital status, general employment and degree of sexual maturity; The possibility of the offender striking again, having committed similar offences in the past or having a police record; Offenders reaction to police questioning. The best known methods used are: a) The FBIs Crime Scene Analysis principal foundation lies within the organised and disorganised offender dichotomy. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological profiling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological profiling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological profiling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It uses statistics to compare the behaviour of the current offender with those the Profiler has encountered before (Douglas Ressler, 1978). b) Investigative Psychology based on various aspects of the interaction between the victim and offender. It relies heavily on environmental psychology and also employs statistics (Canter, 1985). c) Behaviour Evidence Analysis relies primarily on forensic evidence and is the latest school of thought with no statistics used on broad offender groups. We shall now proceed to examine the positive and negative aspects of this technique. The Uses of Profiling Profiles are generally called in by the law enforcement agencies when they come across a type of murder (or crime) not seen before or to assist in solving a crime that has been unsolved for a long period of time and all leads have been exhausted. Profiling can aid an investigation in the following ways: It helps to narrow the search greatly and enables investigators to focus on individuals with similar personality traits of others who have committed very similar offences in the past (Pinizzotto, 1984). It generates an educated guess about the perpetrator (Douglas, Burgess, Burgess Ressler; Rossi, 1982) which although generalistic, can get more specific with additional information (e. g. photographs). A carefully prepared profile may also be able to help connect past unsolved crimes to the current offender (an aid to linkage blindness). Examine a series of cases to see if there is a link between two or more cases based on the crime scene and the victims (recognition of what is referred to as a signature) Some indication could be provided as to whether or not future attacks are likely which could help in lowering the number of victims. Valuable tips could be obtained about possible items to add to a search warrant, e. g. souvenirs, pornography, photos. Along with possibly enabling quicker apprehension of the offender, a profile could suggest possible interrogation strategies for the police to elicit information from the suspect. Profilers could also serve as an expert witness and help jurors to understand the dynamics and motivations of the killer. The FBIs attempt to test inter-ratal reliability using six of its agents provided with basic details of 64 murder scenes was followed by comparing these results (for type and structure of each crime scene) with existing profiles. This revealed a high inter-rater reliability for classification of type of crime (84%) but a lower result for structure of the crime (74%). Some feel that its grounding in sound testable psychological theory ensures its validity (Grant). The FBIs cost-benefit study in 1981 to assess the utility of profiling found that of 192 profiled cases, only 46% were solved and only 17% of suspects were identified directly by the profile. However, in 77% of cases profiling helped to properly focus the investigation, in 20% it helped to locate possible suspects and in 6% aided in successful prosecution with only 17% of solved cases considering profiling to be of little or no assistance (Pinizzotto, 1984). Study using a closed case method (known offender) compared profiles, detectives and college students on the quality of profiles found that although profiles differed little from detectives in processing the evidence, they were more accurate in answering specific questions about sex related offences. Several researchers have also provided preliminary support for the central premises of signature and organised/disorganised typology that profiling relies on (Ressler et al, 1988; Canter Heritage, 1990; Gratzer Bradford, 1995; Dietz, Hazelwood Warren, 1990). Using the statistical technique of Smallest Space Analysis, strong support was obtained for the use of signature in profiling (Canter Heritage, 1990). Crime Scene Analysis (FBI) is a well known and widely accepted method that has resulted in a number of profiles with some research support of its tenets (see above). Investigative Psychology with its geospatial principles has been extremely useful too in profiling homicide and sexual assaults. Behaviour Evidence Analysis has been acclaimed for its good cross-cultural applicability and robust foundation based on forensic evidence.

Free Essays on Paradigms

Sociology is the systematic study of human society, so when sociologists begin thinking about issues and how to connect facts they developed the theoretical paradigm (Macionis 14). Sociology has three major paradigms: the structural- functional paradigm, the social-conflict paradigm, and symbolic-interaction paradigm. The structural-functional paradigm is â€Å"a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability† (Macionis 14). The idea is that we have a stable social pattern most of the time, and that social structure gives our lives shape. This paradigm also looks for social functions. Rituals and simple courtesies keep society going (Macionis). The main characteristic of the structural-function paradigm is that society is stable. The conservative side of this paradigm is that we focus on stability even when there is conflict, which also led sociologists to develop the social-conflict paradigm. The social-conflict paradigm is â€Å"a framework for building theory that sees society as an area of inequality that generates conflict and change† (Macionis 15). Sociologists in this paradigm link such things as race, gender, age, social class, and ethnicity to inequality among money, power, and education. Thus, leading to dominant people striving to stay on top, while the subordinate try to gain more for themselves. The problem with this paradigm as well as with the structural-functional is that everything is in such broad terms, so a third paradigm was developed which represents society in everyday experiences. The symbolic-interaction paradigm is â€Å"a framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals† (Macionis 17). In this paradigm sociologists believe that society is nothing more than when people interact with each other. That is, human beings live in a world of symbols attaching to ever... Free Essays on Paradigms Free Essays on Paradigms Sociology is the systematic study of human society, so when sociologists begin thinking about issues and how to connect facts they developed the theoretical paradigm (Macionis 14). Sociology has three major paradigms: the structural- functional paradigm, the social-conflict paradigm, and symbolic-interaction paradigm. The structural-functional paradigm is â€Å"a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability† (Macionis 14). The idea is that we have a stable social pattern most of the time, and that social structure gives our lives shape. This paradigm also looks for social functions. Rituals and simple courtesies keep society going (Macionis). The main characteristic of the structural-function paradigm is that society is stable. The conservative side of this paradigm is that we focus on stability even when there is conflict, which also led sociologists to develop the social-conflict paradigm. The social-conflict paradigm is â€Å"a framework for building theory that sees society as an area of inequality that generates conflict and change† (Macionis 15). Sociologists in this paradigm link such things as race, gender, age, social class, and ethnicity to inequality among money, power, and education. Thus, leading to dominant people striving to stay on top, while the subordinate try to gain more for themselves. The problem with this paradigm as well as with the structural-functional is that everything is in such broad terms, so a third paradigm was developed which represents society in everyday experiences. The symbolic-interaction paradigm is â€Å"a framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals† (Macionis 17). In this paradigm sociologists believe that society is nothing more than when people interact with each other. That is, human beings live in a world of symbols attaching to ever...

Understanding Diacritical Marks in French

Understanding Diacritical Marks in French There are four French accents for vowels and one accent for a consonant. Understanding each of these accents is vital because they actually change the pronunciation of the letters that they modify, essentially creating completely different letters for the French language.   Vowel Accents The accent aigu  ´ (acute accent) can only be on an E. At the beginning of a word, it often indicates that an S used to follow that vowel, e.g., à ©tudiant (student).The accent grave (grave accent) can be found on an A, E, or U. On the A and U, it usually serves to distinguish between words that would otherwise be homographs; e.g., ou (or) vs oà ¹ (where).The accent circonflexe ˆ (circumflex) can be on an A, E, I, O, or U. The circumflex usually indicates that an S used to follow that vowel, e.g., forà ªt (forest). It also serves to distinguish between homographs; e.g., du (contraction of de le) vs dà » (past participle of devoir).The accent trà ©ma  ¨ (dieresis or umlaut) can be on an E, I, or U. It is used when two vowels are next to each other and both must be pronounced, e.g., naà ¯ve, Saà ¼l. Consonant Accent The cà ©dille  ¸ (cedilla) is found only on the letter C. It changes a hard C sound (like K) into a soft C sound (like S), e.g., garà §on. The cedilla is never placed in front of E or I, because C always sounds like an S in front of these vowels. Capital Letters It is essential to put accents in their proper places; an incorrect or missing accent is a spelling mistake just as an incorrect or missing letter would be. The only exception to this is capital letters, which are often left unaccented.

IT Trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IT Trends - Essay Example Various organizations such as Gartner and Juniper have listed some of the top technological trends that are leading in the field of information systems. This section will briefly explain two major trends from the two firms According to Gartner, the arrival of Windows 8 made battles related to mobile devices as one of the top technological trend for the year 2012 and 2013. Gartner claimed that the conflict among the vendors to have full attention from the consumers had forced IT managers to be heterogeneous. It was predicted that by the year 2013, mobile phones would overtake personal computers, mostly among those workers whose jobs required them to do so though a few still require the PCs. The rise of mobile devices signaled the end of PCs as well as Windows as the only corporate platform. This means that by 2015, it is highly likely that Windows 8 will be lagging behind Apple and Android, reducing Microsoft’s share (Miller par.4). The mobile money has attracted immense attention and related services have been diversifying and growing rapidly. According to Juniper, the environment in Asia and Africa has led to an increased uptake of mobile money oriented service, leading to the development of other services such as product tracking (Koetsier par. 3). In successfully adopting mobile devices in organizations, it is important to first understand some of the drawbacks such as loss of data and insecurity. In this case, there is a need to provide a strategy or framework for mobile users to work in a secure manner, including the use of applications with business oriented data at prescribed entries to heighten cost savings. Consequently, this will unleash innovation and easily solve business related problems. Another way of effectively adopting mobile devices in businesses is by heavily investing in IT. If the IT staff does not have the ability to support the devices, it is essential to outsource external support to ensure that users have someone they

Computer systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Computer systems - Essay Example But due to the fact that interface of most computer systems has limited range of expressions, users has no opportunities to interact with them as with real people. Current tools, such as email, mailing lists, chat rooms, discussion phorums have substantial shortcomings. Their interface is designed only for delivery of simple ideas, without emotions, gestures or face expressions. Of course people can use so-called smiles (primitive pictures with emotions, such as smile or sadness), but every system has its own predefined set of smiles and does not allow user to insert custom image instantly. At the same time in a physical world people can easily express emotions in a discussion over a meal or a drink, meeting up at a conference or having a special offer pointed out to you by behaviour of a stranger. Social information in a physical world is transmitted on many levels. Most of these levels are lost in digital environment, hence socially blind. Therefore need of expression of social information arises, for example mood, condition, some feelings. So people can see emotional reaction of their interlocutors, not only what they express in words. This social information may be applied to knowledge management to make users' activities visible to others. The realist approach involves trying to project social... The realist approach is a straightforward answer to the question; it minimizes the difficulty of producing and interpreting social signals. However current technology places very strict limits on the resolution of teleconferencing and video space systems. The mimetic approach tries to represent social cues from the physical world, as literally as possible, in the digital domain. The mimetic approach is exemplified by graphical MUDs and virtual reality systems, and uses virtual environments and avatars of various degrees of realism to mimic the physical world. Work here ranges from attempts to implement a virtual physics to the considerably looser representations of social information found in the 2-D and 3-D avatars found in various graphical MUDs and 3-D VRML worlds. While the use of mimetic representations decreases some of the bandwidth requirements of such systems, in this sort of system social signals must be consciously produced via users manipulating their avatars. The abstract approach involves portraying social information in ways that are not closely tied to their physical analogs. Exemplars of the abstract approach include AROMA, the Out to Lunch system (which uses abstract sonic cues to indicate socially salient activity), and Chat Circles (which uses abstract visual representations). This approach also includes the use of text to portray social information. Text has proved surprisingly powerful as a means for conveying social information, so the abstract approach scales well, both textual and abstract graphical representations being relatively compact. (Erickson and Kellogg, 2002) 3. Using your knowledge and experience, explain how the application of context and domain modelling could be used to help establish a

Changes in Technology Essay Example for Free

Changes in Technology Essay The many changes in technology over the years greatly impacted the development of early human societies. Agriculture, religion, and competition between groups are just a few of the many things that were greatly impacted by the changes in technology. New inventions and ways of thinking of things made a huge difference in the world. There have been many changes in technology through out the years and in the development of early human societies. There were many changes during and after the classical age when it comes to agriculture. The invention of crop rotation and irrigation helped a lot in agriculture. They made farming much quicker and easier. Jethro Tull’s inventions of the seed drill and horseshoe also helped speed up the farming process. The seed drill made planting easier by planting seeds deep in the ground so they aren’t washed away. Horseshoes allowed horses to plow much quicker than before, which increased productivity. The increase of farming also made life a lot easier by allowing for less nomadic living due to the crops being so close to home. These inventions, as well as having more food from farming, are the reason for agriculture being as technologically advanced as it is today. Like agriculture, religion was also hugely impacted. Religion has always been very important in human societies. In the early years, religions such as Christianity and Buddhism introduced the idea of mutual intolerance. Mutual intolerance was the acceptance of disagreeing with another religion. Islam, Buddhism, and Christianity are just a few examples of the religions in this time. Things such as improvements in tools and weapons changed competition between groups. As time went on, there were more and more developments when it came to agriculture, engineering, and tools. The tools becoming more advanced led to the ideas of better weapons. Because weapons and tools kept improving, they began to be used to obtain power more regularly. In turn, groups like the Aztecs, Toltec, Mayans, and Oaxaca began fighting with these weapons in competition between groups. These examples of change in agriculture, religion, and competition between groups show that technology greatly impacted the development of early human societies. Whether it was because of inventions or different perspectives on things, these societies were obviously greatly impacted. With this information, it is clear that there have been many changes in technology through out the years and in the development of early human societies.

Theme of Love in The Magic Barrel by Benard Malamud Essay -- essays re

That what love is has always been a question satisfied completely by no answer. Some have their own definitions and draw in their minds images of ideal lovers, while others just simply follow what the hearts dictate. Through the spiritual journey to seek for love of Leo, the main character of 'The Magic Barrel' by Bernard Malamud, the author gives us his undeniable declaration of love. Leo, who has a matchmaker find for him a wife, after all his choices falls in love with the one he does not choose, yet he loves her at the first sight. As what Malamud declares, it is because love is not a matter of choice but of chance. From the very beginning of the story we are known that Leo Finkle has devoted all of his 6 year-time to his study and he is to be ordained. Never has in his mind had the thought of getting married until he is adviced to do so in order to win a congregation in an easier way. How can he get married once he has had no ?time for a social life and the company of young women The solution is a traditional one within the Jewish community, he calls in Pinye Salzman the matchmaker. From what he talks about the role of a marriage broker (?ancient, and honorable, highly approved?) and about his parents? marriage (?a successful one in the sense of their everlasting devotion to each other?), we might infer that he believes there will be love after getting married by arragement. Here we can see the conflict, and even irony of the situation. Leo loves no one yet he wants to have a wife. He wants a wife yet he finds her through other?s suggestion which depends on the lady?s social status, property an d father?s promises. Moreover, his requires are so much and so high that there may be no ability to fulfill them. He finds fault... ... some one nor not to love that person. Leo after discovering Stella is not a good girl has tried not to love her. ?Through days of torment he endlessly struggled not to love her but he is unsuccessful, or in fact, he scares of success, ?fearing success, he escaped it.? Poor him! Why cannot he succeed? Because it is the magic of love. Because we do not have the competence in controlling love. Because he must love no one but Stella. Love is not something that we can choose but something that destiny has planned for us. Any one of us can be a Leo now and then. We innocently believe that we have the choice and that we are taking the control over choosing our lovers. The illusion hurts us sometimes. However as Bernard Malamud shows us, love is not a matter of choice but of chance. There will be some one for us somewhere outside. Sooner or later our chance will come.

Middle school Essay

â€Å"I want my child’s education to be holistic! † â€Å"I don’t like cramming and the loads of homework. † â€Å"I want my child to grow in a stress-free environment. † â€Å"The curriculum must stimulate reasoning and analytical skills. † At the beginning of every academic year this is what you hear from your parents. Newspaper and magazines highlight the stress and strain students undergo during examinations. Good as it may seem, this generate a false hope parents have woken up to view education from a different dimensions. It makes educator believe that they do not want to support a system that evaluates a child’s potential through marks and grades. The success of every child initially depends on parents only. But unfortunately parents suddenly realize the importance of exams, results, percentage and college admissions and begin to rethink and re-valuate their personal convictions. Then they say :†I must prepare my child to enter this competitive world†. â€Å"I must help my child to succeed in life†. What is this success they talk about? Is it a fulfillment of the child’s dream ? Have they channelled the child’s talents to achieve? Instead they run from pillar to post collecting question papers and application forms for all the competitive exams. There is no time to consider what the child wants and need. Children are not perceived as individual. Schools become factories churning out prize commodities. As long as parents fail to consider their children as growing individual with aspirations and talents, institutions will continue to capitalize on mass production. No doubt education is a necessity, but what do you want your child to be? Surely, not automatons and generators of wealth. The goal is to develop them into thinking individuals. Only then will we see change. It is the duty of educationists and the governing bodies to give a new meaning, a new direction and strike a new path towards a meaningful education. This is the foundation for a generation of sensitive and cultured human beings. I think this speech will bring a change in parents mind about child’s problems about their life. Thank you 2: A Parent’s Role in Education Home Education Parents have a vital role in their child’s education. By taking a few simple steps at home, you can help them enjoy school more, improve their studying and homework skills and prepare for college. The articles in this category, A Parent’s Role in Education, are full of tips on to help them with their schoolwork, such as creating a positive learning environment to making learning fun. There are also articles on warning signs to help you identify potential learning or school problems. A Parent’s Role in Education Nothing helps a child succeed like an involved parent. A little willingness from a child’s parents can work wonders in the classroom. Read on to learn more about your role as a parent in the education of your child. Creating a Positive Home Learning Environment Your child needs a special place to call their own. Setting aside a room or nook in your home dedicated to your child’s education will show him or her that you’re serious about their education. Read on to learn more about creating a positive†¦ Evaluating Educational Resources on the Web There are many options available when looking for additional educational help online for your child. An awareness of the costs, services, advantages and disadvantages is crucial. Read on to learn how you can best evaluate educational resources†¦ Improving Your Child’s Grades Parents play an important role in a child’s education. This article examines some very simple things you can do every day provide your child with the support and encouragement they need to take on the challenge of improving their grades. Improving your Child’s Study Habits Learning skills need to be fostered at home. This article provides tips for parents who want to create a home environment that will help their children develop and maintain positive study habits. Preparing a Child for High School The transition from middle school to high school can be challenging and bewildering for some students. Parents can help make this period of great change easier on their children and themselves. Read on to learn more about preparing a child for†¦ Preparing a Child for Junior High School The transition from elementary to middle school or junior high is a difficult one, filled with new social and academic challenges. Here are some tips to help your child prepare for this big change. Reasons Your Child May Be Struggling in School Is your child struggling in school? This article details several of the common reasons why a child might fall behind in their studies — and what parents can do to help. Recognizing Student Struggles 1 of 7: The Importance of Identifying Warning Signs The first in a 7 part series, this feature stresses the importance of recognizing your child’s classroom difficulties and resolving them quickly. Read on to learn more about the importance of identify warning signs and recognizing student†¦ Recognizing Student Struggles 2 of 7: Identifying the Warning Sign–Confidence Levels This article is the second in a seven part series aimed to help parents recognize the warning signs given off by struggling students. Read on to learn more about how you can remain aware of your child’s confidence level, and how you can help†¦ Recognizing Student Struggles 3 of 7: Identifying the Warning Sign–Grades As part of the Recognizing Student Struggles series, this feature explains what a sudden decline in grades might say about a student’s curricular experience. It also offers suggestions for the most appropriate methods of correction should your†¦ Recognizing Student Struggles 4 of 7: Identifying the Warning Sign–Attitude As part of the Recognizing Student Struggles series, this article explores the attitude changes to look for in struggling students and offers suggestions for improving a child’s educational experience. Recognizing Student Struggles 5 of 7: Identifying the Warning Sign–Homework Is your child struggling with their homework. A new approach and an involved parent can work wonders for a child’s success in the classroom. This is the fifth article in the Recognizing Student Struggles series. Recognizing Student Struggles 6 of 7: Identifying the Warning Sign–Class Standing This feature in the Recognizing Student Struggles series discusses the importance listening to your child’s teacher and making use of their feedback. It also highlights what can be done if you’re told that your child has fallen behind in his or†¦ Recognizing Student Struggles 7 of 7: Identifying the Warning Sign–(Lack of ) Determination This article (the last in the Recognizing Student Struggles series) explains several ways to assess a student’s progress and level of determination based on their responses to failure. The 28 educational standards of the state of New York The state of New York has 28 standards that guide elementary and middle school education. This article outlines those standards in detail. The Educational Advantages of Using Computers and the Internet Computer programs and the Internet create educational opportunities not available to previous generations. Read on to learn how modern technologies can become valuable educational tools. Transform Your Child’s Poor Report Card Have your child’s grades taken a turn for the worse? Did they just bring home their first poor report card? Don’t worry. Read on to learn more about how you can help your child transform his or her poor report card.

Analytical Description of Players in Hamlet Essay

The significance of the players exceeds the sole purpose of entertainment, as each possesses the power to unveil the â€Å"occulted guilt† (3.2.75) and conscience of the King. Hamlet assumes the responsibility to advise these players with precise and adequate direction so that a â€Å"whirlwind of passion† (6) may not effectively separate Claudius from personally identifying with the play. Hamlet’s enthusiastic approach toward direction may be so that he encourages the players to â€Å"suit the action to the word, the word to the/ action, with this special observance, that you o’erstep not/ the modesty of nature† (16-18). However, this exercise of caution may justify Hamlet’s too often delayed attempt toward the action of avenging his father’s murder. His direction confines him to the overflow of words as he experiences imprisonment within the truth of his own identity. Hamlet grants himself the opportunity to momentarily direct himself, yet it remains unknown as to whether he directs a representation of truth or a falsity. He exemplifies madness so well, as the sight of â€Å"a damned ghost† (77) insanely induces his imagination and comfortably transforms his identity to one of lunacy. This role he acquires is one he portrays so explicitly well as an actor that he easily utilizes it as the foundation for his players. He instructs the players: Nor do not saw the air too much with your hand, Thus, but use all gently, for in the very torrent, tempest, And, as I may say, whirlwind of passion, you must acquire And beget a temperance that may give it smoothness. (4-7) Abstinence from overly dramatizing the actions of the play may be reflective of Hamlet’s character prior to his escape from true self: a once-lived life of normalcy focused more wholly on â€Å"smoothness† (7) rather than an uncontrolled â€Å"torrent, tempest, / †¦whirlwind of passion† (5-6). Hamlet’s direction of the players claims victory as Claudius abruptly arises and exclaims, â€Å"Give me some light. Away† (254)! Horatio’s observation of the King’s reaction confirms his guilt-inflamed conscience as he was forced to witness the reenactment of his brother’s murder. Hamlet, relieved, reveals, â€Å"I’ll take the ghost’s word for a thousand/ pound† (271-272). The ghost is officially trustworthy as the King’s reaction encourages Hamlet to journey further toward his mission of avenging the death of his father. Any form of immediate action is ignored when Hamlet wrestles Polonius with false visions of psychosis as he inquires, â€Å"Do you see yonder cloud that’s almost in shape of a / camel† (355-356)? Hamlet’s separation from action invites a sense of fear that intensifies his madness and entangles his entire self in nothing more than the mere use of words. It is his words that camouflage the notion that his own conscience may be afflicted with an overpowering sense of guilt. Even though Hamlet’s accurate direction of the players did celebrate success as it illustrated the guilt of the King’s conscience, Hamlet’s identity remains in crisis as he continues to revel in his words. His speech reveals his craving for action: ‘Tis now the very witching time of night, When churchyards yawn and hell itself (breathes) out Contagion to this world. Now could I drink hot blood, And do such (bitter business as the) day Would quake to look on. (367-371) The claim that he is prepared to engage in necessary action remains solely a claim as Hamlet’s burden of self-loathing dominates his internal struggle. He may fear the truth of his identity, as he is horrified by the realism included in the players’ precise portrayal of his own life in actuality.

Antony & Cleopatra essays

Antony & Cleopatra essays Life's events often cause an individual to re-evaluate what his or her priorities are. In Antony and Cleopatra, Antony is constantly examining his priorities through experiences as he changes or affirms what is truly important in his life. Antony is forced to decide between the Roman lifestyle which he found great success with as a political leader and the frivolous Egyptian lifestyle of the East. After his experiences in battle, Antony makes an initial priority adjustment as he leaves his political success for his emotion dominated relationship with Cleopatra in Egypt. Soon he recognizes, through his experiences in Egypt, that his relationship is playing a negative role in his political involvement, and his strong Roman qualities are losing effect in his character. When he begins to fail in his role as a leader of the Roman Empire, he begins to doubt his priorities are where they should be. Antony finally reassess his life and his values after he has gone to battle ag! ain, and in turn, he accepts that his priorities are no longer found in politics, but are with Cleopatra; and so Antony proceeds to makes the ultimate sacrifice for what he found to be truly important in his life. Antony's initial priority adjustment is the most drastic, as he abandons his political responsibilities as a member of the Triumvirate for his passionate relation with Cleopatra. Caesar states about the Antony who was a great leader: "When thou once wast beaten from Modena... Thou dist drink the stale of horses and the gilded puddle Caesar acknowledges that Antony had such success in the past as a Roman leader as he was inspirational to his men in battle. This potential is abandoned in his infatuation with Cleopatra in the East. Thus, Caesar realizes Antony's potential to be a great leader in the Second Triumvirate in the Roman way of life. At the start of the play, Philo expresses his distrust of Antony and his doubt of Antony's pri...

What to Do When You Cant Find a Job After College

What to Do When You Cant Find a Job After College If you’ve just graduated, left school, and started trying to set yourself up in your career, but find you can’t find a job after college. You’re not alone. It can take time after graduation to find the good, fulfilling full-time employment that will get your professional life off on the right foot. Rather than freaking out about not having your first job, why not try taking these 4Â  steps towards getting hired? A few small tweaks to your job search strategy can make all the difference.1. Reassess the strategyPerhaps your plan was to get hired by a large company who recruits on campuses and hires grads before they’ve even turned in their final papers. But a very small proportion of the recent post-college workforce lands jobs like these. If you didn’t, don’t worry. Focus now on smaller and younger companies that recruit differently, but might be really keen for a candidate like you. Look to local businesses. Think outside the box. And refocu s your energies to companies that stand a better chance of interviewing you.2. Try applying to the same company a few months laterAlternatively, if you’re still jobless after a few months and you missed your shot with your dream company, you might still get another chance. Lots of these big companies underestimate how many recruits they’ll need and will often have a second round. Be ready and on the lookout to take advantage of this.3. Don’t freak out about experienceEmployers both know and understand that you don’t (and couldn’t possibly!) have the 1-3 years experience most job advertisements say a company requires. If you have the right background and skills, plus perhaps a relevant internship in your field, then companies will consider you for these positions. When in doubt, apply.4. Apply to different companies in different locationsWhen in doubt, expand your horizons. Consider roles, companies, even cities that may not have been on your first list of options. Try smaller companies where you’ll be able to get tons of on-the-job training and experience. Try boutique firms, or training programs that will nurture you and invest in your development.The bottom line is never to give up before it’s over. And it isn’t over. There are millions of opportunities out there for the college educated. And, with a little bit of luck and pluck and drive, you’ll get one of them soon.

Power of Communication Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Power of Communication - Assignment Example Both theories help in arriving at the true meaning and essence of a play. This is the only way in which the audience of a play gets in touch with the writer, and clearly gets the message that the writer of the play intended to pass across. This paper, therefore, goes a long way to critically analyze â€Å"the importance of being Earnest† in light of Aristotle’s six elements of a play. First and foremost is the plot of the play. According to Aristotle, plot simply refers to the flow of incidents through which a protagonist progresses (Aristotle paragraph one). It talks more of the arrangement of events, and how they follow each other from the beginning to the end of the play. When analyzing plot as an integral element of a play, it is very critical to establish the relationship between and among different scenes or acts. The events in the play at hand truly agree with Aristotle’s theory. In Act one, we are introduced to both Jack and his fictional brother (Wilde act 1). Jack lives a double life and this is known to no one else but himself. The second Act brings us to the real reasons why jack lives a double life, while the third Act leads us in discovering the whole truth suggested in the second Ac t. The second element is Character. This is how the actors or figures in a play relate to each other, in a bid to achieve their different goals and motives (Aristotle paragraph two). Understanding the character helps in the identification of the conflict, since conflict is created by the goals, motives and desired pursued by each of the characters throughout the play. In the case at hand, the desire of Cecily is to get married to Ernest, which is also the desire of Gwendoline (Wilde act 3). This creates a conflict between them, a conflict that leads to the discovery of the truth. Gwendoline, in her desire to strengthen her relationship with Jack, decides to pay him a surprise visit. Gwendoline’s mother, Lady Bracknell, is not pleased by this and follows

Improving Education Selection and Return Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6750 words

Improving Education Selection and Return - Essay Example The new selection criteria are comprised of seventeen standards and other standards as well. The new selection criteria mention faculty, language, political, economic, religious, social, and previous academic factors as the key standards for evaluating universities. The key findings are the University of Washington Bothell has 19 PhD holders. It is privately and professionally administrated. The University of District of the Columbia is a public institution who faces the threats of political influence. Name Professor Subject Date Introduction The university selection criteria have changed over a period of time. Students face numerous issues while selecting a cost effective and professional university. With the passage of time and prevalence of globalization, selecting a professional university is nothing less than a challenge. There are various factors that must be taken into account before begin studying. For example, language has become a biggest barrier for overseas learning and e ducation. Every country or region has its own language in which education and learning is provided to the students. In Saudi Arabia, the Arabic language is employed to teach and communicate in the educational institutions. In the United States of America, English language serves as a communication tool between students and a professor. For a Saudi Student wishing to study abroad or in the United States of America, understanding and speaking of English language is an essential precondition. Without this language, it would be nearly impossible for the Saudi student to get education in the United States or any other country. The difference and effect of a private sector university and a public sector university cannot be underestimated. It is a common understanding that the public sector universities always remain under the influence of politicians and the political parties. On the other hand, it is also assumed that the private sector universities do not experience the similar level o f influence that is being experienced by the public sector universities. In addition to that, it is also experienced that the private sector universities remain more professional and competent in comparison with the public sector universities. In the following parts of this paper, first research methodology has been incorporated in which how the data was accessed and what problems were faced by the researcher are accounted for. It is followed by the Saudi Arabia selection criteria methodology has been provided in which Saudi Arabia criteria have been applied on the University of Washington Bothell and the University of the District of the Columbia. The new selection criteria have also been applied to these universities. Before the conclusion part, the results have been discussed to highlight the major findings in the work. Research methodology Objective and Return Manifestations The purpose of research is to increase knowledge (Clark-Carter, 3).The objective is to highlight and sele ct the most effective criteria for evaluating universities. For this purpose, two criteria have been selected for evaluating universities. Using two criteria will facilitate the appropriate evaluation of universities and it would help us to highlight the improve education selection and return as well. The improvement of education is only achieved when it provides better returns i.e. the student becomes a well-competent official figure and serves any organization with unique and competent skills and

Breast cancer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Breast cancer - Research Paper Example s who have had a history of breast cancer provided the impetus for intense interest to delve further into contemporary issues relating to breast cancer on a global scale. In this regard, the current research would touch on diverse issues that confound women’s contracting this illness such as: risk factors, recurrence rates, conservation surgery through Indian experience; pregnancy associated breast cancer; the impact of curable versus advanced cancer in West of Romania; bioengineering embryonic stem cell microenvironments for the study of breast cancer; and triple negative breast cancer cell lines; to name just a few. The research would initially start with an introduction of the topic to include the researchers’ rationale for interest in the subject and to present current statistics and relevant information on current trends and patterns on breast cancer. A historical background would be delved into, particularly how the specific area of interest emerged. Likewise, the researchers would proffer ways in which the current study would be beneficial to various professionals who are interested on the topic. The research problem is to determine the best possible way of addressing breast cancer through the review of related literature on the subject. The researchers would integrate and synthesize the relevant findings noted from at least 15 authoritative and academic studies which have been contemporarily published in peer-reviewed journals. The discussion portion would highlight innovative ways of looking into addressing issues that confound breast cancer with the aim of better understanding the dilemma, determining how others tried to attempt it, and finally how they progressed in their respective researches. The concluding portion highlights the findings and stipulates the researchers’ recommendations. As indicated, the most effective intervention or treatment does not depend on the new technological or medical breakthrough discovered but on early detection

Gender Inequality In Educational Sector Of Pakistan Sociology Essay

Gender Inequality In Educational Sector Of Pakistan Sociology Essay Education is considered to be the most valuable possession for every human being today. Gender inequality is more pronounced in Pakistan. Women are disadvantaged with respect to the outcomes of schooling. My literature review incorporates all the questions regarding sex differences and I have mainly focus on the issues that are central to the questions of gender inequality in educational sector. Research remains focused on secondary information. Literature review consists of 10 articles as follow. The introduction to this article( the status of women in Pakistan,1988) written by HAQ, attempts to state that women constitute the majority about 52% of the worlds population, yet many societies discriminate them and Pakistan is one of those. The article mainly discuses that women in the rural areas are made to work as long as 14 to 16 hours without payments. Their status is mainly based on local custom rather than QURANIC verses. In a traditional society women occupy really low status. There is a history of female in the subcontinent that women are expected to function within their frame work before marriage they had to obey their fathers and brothers and after marriage their husbands. Most of the women live in the state of withdrawal deprived of their identity and this is because of the lack of education and Pakistani women are denied due to social prestige and economic activity. The variables that are extracted from this article are local custom and lack of awareness. The author define these variables in such a manner that he focuses on reducing gender disparity, should be the priority of the society and this gender disparity can be reduced by eliminating the traditional practices that are held in a society for example women should have equal participation in the decision making and increase women knowledge on family planning as the article states that average number of live birth is 5.8, maternal mortality is very high at an estimated 500 out of 100,000 births. The article discusses the status of women in Pakistan and due to gender discrimination how they are lacking in education. Educated and independent women are more enthusiastic towards life and are capable of understanding modernized changes rather than illiterate under nutritive dependant women .furthermore the article discuses that gender discrimination is mainly because of the traditional customs they are following especially in the villages. Hypothesis: the status of women in Pakistan should be enhanced or not This article gender inequality in education written by Nelly P.Stromquist in 1990 focuses on womens access to education, both in terms of the decrease in the rate of literacy and in years of schooling attained, the article says that there has been improvement over time. Compared to their mothers and grandmothers, women today have more education than ever before. The enrollment of women in primary and secondary school has improved in the last 30 years, and women have registered a slightly greater rate of growth, as women have increased their average years of schooling. Despite all these fact, women still continue to face lower levels of education than men. Women in the third world countries are considered to be feminine and weak in terms of reward and social prestige. The author states that there are still a sizable number of countries that do not collect statistics by sex, particularly at higher levels of education, indicating thereby that they do not consider the improvement of wome ns education a priority. The rate or level of women participation in educational sector reveals that it is the women from low-income groups and low status, ethnic affiliation who register the lowest levels of education. Above stated are the variables that were extracted from the article: low income group, low ethnic affiliation, rate of dropping out. The author defines the variables in a way he says that most of the gender disparity which is observed across the societies is a result of class difference that fully explains why the gender disparity exists and persists. Furthermore the article discuses that there have been few studies that specifically distinguish inequalities due to gender from those due to class or race. A study by Rosemberg (1985) showed that the discrimination by income was more pronounced than the discrimination by race. There is a difference in the education of different social classes. The particular article is relevant to the topic in such a way it states that the schooling of daughter is not deemed worthwhile in front of the schooling of a son. And another major reason of women lacking in education is of high dropout rates of girls in primary and secondary schools. And this is mainly because of early marriages. Insufficient places in secondary school, co education cost of education and low quality of education of girls. Many of the studies in this category do not ask why it is that womens education is considered less important than that of men or why it is that the education of women is so pervasively linked by social norms to their role as wives and mothers. The methodology that was used in the article was viewing different theories about social inequalities in education, are those that are derived from either the functionalist (or consensual) or the conflict (or neo-Marxist) approaches. Hypothesis: is women education considered less important than men The article class and gender in education-employment linkage written by Hanna Papanek focuses on the impact of global economic and political changes on low income nations. Poor families that depend entirely on returns to labor in order to survive are most likely to require participation in wage labor (or labor exchange arrangements) by all household members, including men, women, and children. Under these circumstances, educational participation becomes very difficult for both male and female, but because males generally have a wider range of earning opportunities, they are more likely preferred than females to be allowed to attend school. On the other hand at class and income levels where families are less dependent on female wage labor, womens education is preferred little bit. Family status has a direct bearing on access to economic and political resources that enhances education facility in women. Another factor that is discussed in this article is the family honor and these are the variables extracted from this article INCOME in terms of FAMILY STATUS. The author defines the variables in such a way that differences among classes are signaled by the extent of control over women which is family honor. In some cases girls may not be permitted to attend middle schools located outside the village because it would injure family honor and compromise marriage over it. In other cases, the attainment of secondary or tertiary education may confer so much prestige on the family that the possible status loss associated with daughters living away from home is offset. Marriage chances may also be enhanced when a daughter is sufficiently educated that she can just read and write her name and which can make her earn minimal amount of living. In Egypt as it is a highly stratified society, formal education for both men and women has long been associated with class and status. Higher education, in particular, has played an important role in the reproduction of the bourgeoisie , although not always in the predicted fashion. In Egypt, not all illiterate women can be presumed to be from poor families; at least some proportion of this group, especially among older women, comes from families that do not permit women contact with the outside world. The overwhelming majority of illiterate or barely literate women, however, are from poor families. The article is base from a comparative regional study in Asia that is now under way and from research in a nearby country (Egypt) that is similar in many respects to the countries included in the regional study. Many of the nations in the ongoing study have large Muslim populations (Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Malaysia) etc. concluding the article female educational participation, especially at higher levels, is a consequence of higher family status rather than a means to upward mobility. Hypothesis: do females have less access to both schooling and employment than males do. This article Muslims, markets, and the meaning of a good education in Pakistan was written by Mattew J. Nelson in (October, 2006) examines the nature of local educational demands in Pakistan and show that parents favor religious education usually for girls. Girls access to education in Pakistan has been restricted. Despite improvements in the last 20 years, underlying factors still make the state education system inefficient and the current male to female literacy ratio is still at 65:40. And this is mainly because people wrongly assume that our religion dont permit girls for normal education. Girls are usually preferred to go to maddrasas which most of the parents in rural areas think is a better and accessible option and more convenient option for them. Furthermore the article describes the market and the meaning of good education in Pakistan. Families of middle class who can afford primary education of girls still prefer sending their girls to religious schools which cost them ver y little and prefer their boys to enjoy all the privilege of higher education because they think that it is in our religion that girls are suppose to stay at home. The variable that was identified from this article is religion (Islam). The author defines the variable in such a way that he himself carried a survey and a Questionnaire in which two type of people were questioned one for whom the local madrasa (Islamic religious school) was most important Secondly parents were selected from a variety of economic circumstance. However the outcome was that out of 112 respondents 91 were in the favor of madras for girls. The article is relevant to the topic in a way that it discusses about the how the choice of religious education for girls is forming a disparity in educational sector of Pakistan. The article mainly discuses the, substantive features of local educational demand and religious demand Hypothesis: is demand in favor of religious education rather than local The article Girls Are Boys Are: Myths, Stereotypes Gender Differences written by Patricia B. Campbell, Ph.D.Jennifer N. Storo in 2006 mainly discuses, how much the gender counts in education the author of this article states that Sex is not a good predictor of academic skills, interests or even emotional characteristics. The author discusses about the different myths that are related to girls for example biologically girls cannot handle the stress of higher education. Due to these myths parents have lower expectations from girls and they become gender biased and the variable that was extracted from this article was MYTHS AND STEREOTYPES. Now author further more discuses why myths persist based on gender and race. The history of myths will explain how author has defined the variable it is a common belief that men are principal producers and bread earners of the family so they should enjoy all the privileges and this is a primary reason why their education was considered more importan t than girls. And it was considered that women are property of husband and her only job is to produce children. Furthermore many of the people use to believe and still many of them do is that women reproductive capacity will destroy if her intellect is going to improve. Which in other words mean that women with better education will not listen to men. For example it was concluded that women in their menstrual cycle if uses their brain lose their mammary functions. This particular article is relevant to the topic in such a way as many of these myths are still believed and practiced in Pakistan when it comes to education specifically. This was both quantitive and qualitative form of research in which graphs, charts and theories were used to measure different type of myths Hypothesis: Is there a biological bias for sex differences The article The Impact of Gender Inequality in Education on Rural Poverty in Pakistan written by Imran shareef chaudray and Saeed ur rahman in 2009. The main purpose of this article was to identify the gender inequality in education on rural poverty in Pakistan. The article basically discuses that gender inequality in education persists in almost all the poor countries and Pakistan is one of those. Strong gender disparities exist in the rural and urban areas of Pakistan. Pakistan is one of those societies in which women suffer all sort of discriminations. There are countless issues of education in Pakistan including low level of investment, cultural constraints, poverty, gender and regional inequalities in budgetary allocation to education, low enrollment rates due to poor condition of public schools, high population growth producing more illiterates and poor, lack of implementation of educational policies. Violence against women, class discrimination, poverty, lack of educational fa cilities, and various parallel education systems in government and private education are the major emerging issues which should be dealt with curriculum reforms and effective educational policies. Above mentioned are all the variables extracted from this article but the major variable that I highlighted is POVERTY. Logit regression analysis on primary data was used to reach the conclusion. However it was concluded that poverty has adverse effects on gender disparity in education. Hypothesis: effect of poverty on education This article DOCUMENT TO DEBATE AND FINALIZE THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY written by JAVED HASAN ALY in December 2006 is intended to stimulate discussion of major policy issues concerning Education Sector in Pakistan. The educational status of women in Pakistan is unacceptably low, in fact, amongst the lowest in the world. Development, only 19% of females have attained education upto Matric, 8% upto Intermediate, 5% Bachelors degree and 1.4% achieved a Masters degree. 60% of the female adult population is illiterate. Of the 3.3 million out of school children, 2.503 million are girls. 73.6% of primary age girls attend school, compared with 92.1% of boys. Although education has been seen to add value to a female worker but in Pakistan for female education is considered as a abuse. Different policies have been recommended to eliminate this gender gap in education but the fund allocation and human resources that were provided by the government to implement the policies. So the variables that were extracted from this article are Low level of financial allocation and inefficient utilization of resources. The author describes the variable in such a way that since 1947 the emphasis on girls education is laid down and many policies and reforms have been made to practice it but due to lack of financial resources Pakistan is still facing gender discrimination in education. The article on whole is relevant to the topic because it is discussing the policies and their effect on educational sector of Pakistan The particular article THE FUTURE OF GIRLS EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN written by Dr. Humala Shaheen Khalid Dr. Eshya Mujahid-Mukhtar: August 2002 discuses that although most children do get admitted to primary schools, but the major problem is their retention in primary classes. Given the poverty, high opportunity costs of children attending school (as sometimes they are required to contribute to the familys economic activities or towards daily household chores such as fetching water, fuel or sibling care), parents low perception about education, poor quality of education, teacher absenteeism and/or childs bad health, a very high proportion of students drops out from primary school. Reasons cited for leaving primary school varied between boys and girls. While most boys left school due to child not willing Most girls said they had to help at home. During the past decade, several policy initiatives were undertaken, each with a strong component for improving girls education in the country. Besides two educational policies, namely, the National Education Policy (1992) and the National Education Policy (1998-2010), the Government of Pakistan launched the Social Action Programmed (SAP) in 1993/94 which focused on improving the social indicators for girls and women. But none of these policies was followed properly so the variable that was extracted from this article was lack of of financial allocation and Lack of encouragement by government and lack of school facilities. The government of Pakistan is lacking way behind in providing educational facilities Great care needs to be exercised while portraying the future of girls education in Pakistan. Female education is subjected to the forces of both demand as well as supply barriers such as poverty, lower status of female in society and her security concerns, coupled with lack of school facilities, teaching materials and inadequacy or absence of female teachers. More importantly, there are strong linkages of the education se ctor with other sectors. The Study is based on secondary sources. National statistical sources have been extensively used which include the Population and Housing Census 1998; the Economic Surveys (various issues) and the reports published by the National (and provincial) Education Management and Information System (NEMIS). The Study also relies heavily on other data sources and relevant research reports issued by the Central Bureau of Education, Academy of Educational Planning and Management (AEPAM) and the Federal Bureau of Statistics (FBS). Hypothesis: future of girls education in Pakistan This article ROLE OF WOMEN IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF PAKISTAN written by Jehan Qamar in 2000 is about the importance of role of women in economic development. And it contains a lot of information about state of women in education and their employment. This article also lays emphasis on political and cultural instability that is affecting the status of women in Pakistan. And this political and cultural instability are also the variables extracted from the article. Furthermore the article discuses that the implication of cultural norms are affecting the education of women a lot different policies made by the Pakistans government were reviewed before writing this article and whether there implication is active or not and how it is affecting the economy. However it was concluded that the role of women in economic development can be enhanced if women provided with proper education Hypothesis: role of women in economic development of Pakistan The article DISTANCE EDUCATION AS A STRATEGY FOR ELIMINATING GENDER DISPARITY IN PAKISTAN written by à ¢Ã‹â€ -Dr. Irshad Hussain in 2008. The article discuses about the role of distance education in addressing the issue of gender disparity in Pakistan The study was descriptive in nature and the researchers adopted survey approach. The study was conducted in Punjab province. The study consisted on three populations: (i). B.A level female students, (ii). their parents and (iii). academicians of Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad. Researchers adopted stratified and convenient sampling technique for collecting data from students their parents and academicians respectively. The samples of the study comprised of 600 students, 60 parents and 60 academicians .The article starts with describing that gender discrimination is one of the major issue in Pakistan at present as we all know that the Pakistani society is male dominated and males enjoy all the privileges where as female population is a very small and neglected community of Pakistan. Unluc kily gender gap is wide and demands immediate attention to address the issue. However distance education is one of the solutions and incentives which provide girls an opportunity to study even in culturally restricted areas. It can cater educational needs of the society at the doorstep on equal basis and frees learners from time and place restrictions. Keeping in consideration the above characteristics Allama Iqbal University is offering different programs through distanced approach. As a result admission rate has increased specially in Allama Iqbal University. Hypothesis: Is distance education effective or not

How a leader can change a society :: Leadership

How a leader can change a society Leaders of the world and of any country particular plays most important role to achieve genuine happiness of its people. Good and capable leader leads its people and country to a peace and prosperity, while the cruel and incapable leader bring people to the world of sufferings and ultimately ruin country. Leader must not only be educated and experienced but it is important to be a compassionate and sensible to the problems faced by their people. Leaders of the government should win the trust of people by being strategically friendly avoiding any kind of provocation or war with neighboring countries and must also allow a degree of transparency in the day to day working and the governance of the country. In my view most important character of a good leader is that they must be compassionate. Having a personality of caring about people is important. You can?t be a good leader unless you generally like people. That is how you bring out the best in them. No matter what credential they have and how much experience they have in administration but without being compassionate they can't ever become a responsible and successful leader. For example Hitler is known for his cruelty and he had no feelings for his own race. He failed to understand the feelings of Jews and thus persecuted them. He also failed to know the fact that the strength of his country lies in them, while opposite is Mahatma Gandhi, a major political and spiritual leader of India, followed nonviolent actions, avoiding any bloodshed in the country during their struggle for Independence. Because of his compassionate nature many leaders in today's world has looked him upon. So leader must be compassionate first without being in fluence by any ulterior motive. Secondly, with compassion, leader must be far-sighted and able administrator. He must be able to organize his government in a way that it would reach the grass root level. No section of the society should be left out. Policy or scheme initiated for the benefit of public must be implemented in such way that it should not get politicize and corrupt during the process of implementation. Administration should notice and reach the problems being faced by public and tackle it on time without unnecessary delay. And most important of all he must knows well about the interest of country in today's global world and able to create a conductive atmosphere to achieve lasting peace and prosperity in global village.

Breaking Unhealthy Habits through Continuous Realization, Planning, and Actualization Essay

The unhealthy habits of a person may differ from another in terms of its nature, quantity, and occurrence. In fact, it is common and quite predictable for an individual to develop at least one unhealthy habit (Van Dusen, 2008). Unhealthy habits may include common examples such as cigarette smoking, frequent and excessive drinking of alcoholic beverages, and overeating unhealthy food variants. As one can see from the examples, unhealthy habits are usually common practices of numerous individuals; thus, they are generally overlooked. However, there is a reason as to why such habits are termed as unhealthy. The reason for the term is that one’s personal health and welfare are compromised through the practice of such habits. Hence, keeping unhealthy habits are a considerable risk to an individual. Therefore, there is a need for individuals to take action and finally break unhealthy habits. The process of breaking unhealthy habits can be divided into three major segments which are realization, planning, and actualization. In terms of realization, an individual must assess the unhealthy habits that he or she currently practices and must understand the possible repercussions by continuing such negative practices. In fact, it has been determined that the problem as to why people rarely break free from unhealthy habits is that they do not realize the dangers associated with their actions (Van Dusen, 2008). If an individual will completely be able to understand the negative effects of his or her unhealthy habits, then questions regarding the reason why such habits should be or should not be continued will arise. For example, a male smoker may think that cigarette smoking is good since it helps in keeping the alertness of a person; on the other hand, he may also think about the detrimental effects that smoking has on the body such as increased risks of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. When the individual finally realizes that the negative aspects generally outweigh the positive ones, then the next segment of breaking unhealthy habits can be initiated. Planning pertains to the possible actions that one can make in order to move away from continuously doing an unhealthy habit. Using the male smoker again as an example, he may plan to eliminate all the cigarettes that he currently has and remove all related objects or signs as well. In addition, the smoker may also opt to consult experts in cases of nicotine addiction in order to gain further knowledge and potential solutions to his problem. The expert may provide medical solutions to such a problem by offering specific sets of drugs to help the body adjust to the condition of being nicotine free. In this sense, an individual with an unhealthy habit may plan to conduct actions that will prevent further occurrence of the habit itself by eliminating the root causes and associated objects or consulting with consulting experts or medical professionals when applicable. Hence, planning to break an unhealthy habit may be conducted personally or with the help of others. The last segment of the process pertains to actualization. This is quite self-explanatory since planning will be of no use if not followed. Therefore, a person that has assessed and planned what he or she must do in order to break an unhealthy habit must not only start out his or her plan but stick to it as well. Given this, an individual that initiates ways in order to remove the unhealthy habit but ends up quitting halfway will obviously be not successful in eliminating the unhealthy habit. Thus, one can only determine that a person has broken free of unhealthy habits if the person does not return to doing it for a long period of time. In this sense, breaking an unhealthy habit is not defined by being free of such unhealthy actions in the short period after the actualization of the plans. Keeping clean of unhealthy habits requires continuous conviction and belief that returning to the practice of unhealthy habits will only bring forth negative consequences. Therefore, breaking unhealthy habits and maintaining a state free of such habits is not easy, but through a continuous sense and understanding of the three segments discussed, it is highly probable that the individual will be successful in his or her pursuit.